As responsible fish owners, it is your duty to ensure your Betta fish remains in good health. If you’ve noticed your Betta swimming sideways in the tank, it’s understandable to be concerned. But what could be the reason behind this?
There are multiple potential causes for this behavior, and fortunately, not all of them are serious. It could be something as simple as strong water flow making it difficult for your fish to swim properly. However, it might also indicate swim bladder disease.
This guide will be useful if your Betta is acting unusually. We’ll cover everything you need to know about swim bladder disease, along with other possible symptoms and causes.
Why Is My Betta Fish Swimming Sideways?
A Betta fish constantly swimming sideways is not normal and could be a cause for concern. This behavior may signal a serious health issue, particularly a swim bladder infection.
However, other factors can also contribute to this problem. Here are a few possible reasons.
Contaminated Water
Check the water to assess its cleanliness and purity. Poor tank maintenance can cause your fish to swim sideways.
Bettas are highly sensitive to sudden water shifts and can become stressed even with slight changes, often leading them to float sideways.
Poor Water Conditions
Consider using a water testing kit like the API Freshwater Test Kit to assess your aquarium’s water quality. It provides essential details about the water conditions. Ensure the pH, ammonium, and nitrate levels are within the recommended range for Bettas. The ideal pH level is between 6.5 and 7.5, while ammonium and nitrate should remain at 0 ppm.
If the water parameters are off, take immediate action. Prioritize cleaning and replacing the water in your aquarium. To eliminate harmful contaminants, consider using a water conditioner such as Seachem Prime Freshwater Conditioner, which is highly effective.
Improper Water Temperature
Keep an eye on your aquarium’s water temperature, as Bettas thrive in warm water. These freshwater fish prefer temperatures between 76 and 82 degrees Fahrenheit.
If the water is too cold, your Betta may swim abnormally and become stressed due to the freezing conditions. To fix this, raise the water temperature using a heater like the Aqueon Tank Heater.
Swim Bladder Issues
Swim bladder disorder is a common cause of Bettas swimming sideways. Bettas, like other fish, can be affected by infections. If you suspect your Betta has this condition, take immediate action to resolve the problem.
Understanding Swim Bladder Disorder
The swim bladder is a unique organ that helps Bettas maintain their position, allowing them to hover both sideways and laterally in the tank. This gas-filled sac, located in their belly, enables them to float effortlessly.
A small tube connects the swim bladder to the stomach, allowing Bettas to release excess gas and maintain balance. However, when this mechanism fails, abnormal gas buildup can occur, causing them to swim sideways or hover awkwardly near the surface.
The most obvious sign of swim bladder disorder is Bettas floating sideways. Other symptoms to look for include:
- Floating at the water’s surface
- Sinking to the bottom of the tank
- Swollen or bloated belly
- A curved spine forming an “S” shape
- Difficulty swimming
- Erratic or sluggish movement
If your Betta shows any of these symptoms, it is likely suffering from swim bladder disorder. Prompt intervention is crucial, as leaving the condition untreated can pose serious risks. Keep a close watch for any signs and take action as soon as possible.
Causes of Swim Bladder Disease
Swim bladder disease can result from several underlying conditions. The most common causes include:
Ingesting Air
Betta fish frequently swim to the surface to breathe, sometimes unintentionally while eating. They have a special labyrinth organ that allows them to take in oxygen from the air, especially when the water lacks sufficient oxygen.
While occasional air intake is natural, excessive swallowing of air can be harmful. Too much air can cause the swim bladder to swell, leading to swim bladder disease.
Constipation
Constipation isn’t just a human issue—it’s also a common problem for Bettas and a leading cause of swim bladder disorder.
A constipated Betta may struggle to pass waste, causing bloating in the digestive tract. This swelling puts pressure on the swim bladder, making it difficult for the fish to release gas properly. As a result, excess gas buildup can lead to swim bladder disease.
Infections
Bacterial and viral infections can also trigger swim bladder problems in Bettas. These infections are particularly concerning, as they can affect a Betta’s health in multiple ways beyond just swim bladder disease.
Tumors
Just like humans, Betta fish can develop tumors in different parts of their bodies. Tumors commonly appear near the caudal fin, especially in Bettas with long fins.
In rare cases, tumors may form near the gall bladder, affecting the Betta’s ability to swim properly. Unfortunately, there is no cure for these tumors. The best you can do is provide proper care and ensure your Betta remains comfortable.
Although Bettas with tumors can survive for weeks or even a year, if their quality of life declines significantly, you may need to consider humane euthanasia, either at a veterinarian’s office or by yourself.
Trauma
Physical injury can also lead to swim bladder issues. Abdominal trauma, such as rough handling or sudden disturbances, may cause damage to the swim bladder. If the bladder bursts or is severely affected, the Betta may struggle to move normally.
Effective Treatments for Swim Bladder Disease
Improve Their Diet
Feeding Bettas a protein-rich diet can help reduce excess air buildup in their swim bladder. Foods like brine shrimp, duckweed, and blackworms can aid in releasing trapped gases.
However, high-protein meals should only be given occasionally. Once your Betta recovers from swim bladder disease, return to its regular diet.
Since protein-rich foods contain high fat content, overfeeding can lead to obesity, which may cause further health issues.
Maintain Clean Water
Dirty water can contribute to swim bladder disease, so regular water changes are essential. Replace 20% of the water weekly to keep the tank clean and hygienic.
Additionally, clean the gravel, decorations, and other tank accessories to remove harmful bacteria or parasites that may be affecting your Betta.
Always use a water conditioner when changing the water to eliminate toxins and ensure a safe environment.
Lastly, keep the water temperature stable and within the ideal range. Extreme temperatures—either too hot or too cold—can worsen swim bladder issues.
Use Epsom or Aquarium Salt
Epsom salt or aquarium salt can help relieve swim bladder issues by reducing swelling and aiding in gas release. Add 1 teaspoon of Epsom salt per gallon of tank water to see improvements.
For best results, use an isolation container when administering salt treatments. While some believe Epsom salt is safe for the main tank, isolating your Betta ensures precise treatment without affecting other fish or plants.
However, Epsom salt should only be a temporary remedy. Once your Betta recovers, return it to the main tank.
Administer Antibiotics (If Needed)
If a bacterial infection is the cause of swim bladder disease, antibiotic treatment can help reduce inflammation and discomfort. Effective antibiotics include:
- Tetracycline
- Kanamycin
- Neomycin
- Nitrofurazone
Since antibiotics can eliminate both harmful and beneficial bacteria, they should only be used as a last resort. Always follow dosage instructions or consult a vet for proper use. Even if your Betta appears to be improving, complete the full course of antibiotics to ensure the infection is fully eliminated.
Consider Surgery (In Severe Cases)
In rare situations, surgery may be necessary—especially if a gastrointestinal obstruction is causing the swim bladder issue. This is typically performed by a specialized aquatic vet and should only be considered when all other treatments fail.
Surgery as a Last Resort
Surgery is a highly invasive and risky procedure for Bettas. It should only be considered if absolutely necessary, such as in cases of severe gastrointestinal obstruction that cannot be resolved through other treatments.
Before opting for surgery, consult an experienced aquatic veterinarian to assess the risks and determine if the operation is truly essential.
FAQs
Is Swimming Sideways Dangerous for Your Betta?
The severity of the condition depends on its underlying cause. If swim bladder disease is due to poor nutrition or constipation, your Betta has a high chance of recovery with proper treatment.
However, if the illness is caused by a bacterial or parasitic infection, the chances of survival decrease significantly. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving recovery outcomes.
Is Swim Bladder Disorder Contagious?
No, swim bladder disorder itself is not contagious and cannot spread from one Betta to another.
However, if the disorder is caused by a bacterial or parasitic infection, there is a risk of it affecting other fish in the aquarium. To prevent the spread of infections, maintain clean water conditions and isolate sick fish when necessary.
Conclusion
Swim bladder disorder in Bettas can be concerning, but with proper care, many fish can recover. Maintaining clean water, providing a balanced diet, and addressing infections or constipation promptly are key to their well-being. While some cases resolve quickly, others may require patience and ongoing attention. By ensuring a stress-free environment and using appropriate treatments, you can help your Betta regain its normal swimming behavior and overall health.
